Will the one who does not pray, but affirms the pillars of faith, go to Hell?

Praise
be to Allah.

Firstly: 

The Muslim scholars are unanimously agreed that faith consists of both words
and deeds, and that faith is not valid unless both factors are present.
Faith is words on the lips, belief in the heart and actions with the
physical faculties; it increases with acts of obedience and worship, and it
decreases with acts of disobedience and sin.

See the answers to questions no. 59911,
119068 and 131415 

Secondly: 

It
was narrated that ‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ood said: The Messenger of Allah
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “No one will enter Hell in
whose heart is an atom’s worth of faith.”

Narrated by Imam Ahmad (3947), and by at-Tirmidhi (1991) who classed it as
saheeh. It was also classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh at-Tirmidhi.

 What is meant is that he will not enter it as the disbelievers will, so he
will not abide forever in Hell, even if he enters it because of his
disobedience and sins.

Please see the answer to question no. 170526. 

In
the hadith of intercession that was narrated by Muslim (193) it says: “it
will be said to me: ‘O Muhammad, raise your head. Speak, you will be heard;
ask, it will be given to you; intercede and your intercession will be
accepted.’ I will say: ‘O Lord, my ummah, my ummah.’ It will be said to me:
‘Go, and whoever has in his heart faith the weight of a grain of
mustard-seed, bring him out therefrom.’ So I will go and do that, then I
will come back to my Lord and I will praise Him with those words of praise,
then I will fall down prostrating to Him, and it will be said to me: ‘O
Muhammad, raise your head. Speak, you will be heard; ask, it will be given
to you; intercede and your intercession will be accepted.’ I will say: ‘O
Lord, my ummah, my ummah.’ It will be said to me: ‘Go, and whoever has in
his heart faith that is smaller, smaller, smaller than a grain of
mustard-seed, bring him out of the Fire.’ And I will go and do that.” 

The point is that Allah, may He be exalted, will bestow His grace upon the
sinners among those who affirm His Oneness, so He will bring out of Hell
everyone who had an atom’s worth of faith in his heart, then He will admit
them to Paradise by His mercy. So no one will abide forever in Hell and be
deprived of Paradise except the pure disbeliever in whose heart there is not
even an atom’s worth of faith or even less than that. 

Al-Bukhaari (4203) and Muslim (111) narrated that the Prophet (blessings and
peace of Allah be upon him) said: “No one will enter Paradise except a
believer.” 

Thirdly: 

In
the answer to question no. 145252 we stated that if
a person does not pray at all, then his good deeds are rendered invalid. 

As
it is proven in the Islamic texts that no one will enter Paradise except a
believer, and that faith consists of both words and deeds, and is not valid
except with both, and that if a person does not pray at all then his good
deeds are rendered invalid, then from all of the above we may conclude that
if a person does not pray at all, then he does not have sound faith that
would protect him from entering Hell, according to what it says in the
hadith mentioned. 

At-Tabaraani narrated in al-Mu‘jam al-Kabeer (8941) with a saheeh
isnaad from ‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ood (may Allah be pleased with him) that he
said: “Whoever does not pray has no religion.” 

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

If
a rational person has the slightest speck of faith in his heart, it is not
possible for him to persist in not praying when he knows how important the
prayer is and that it was enjoined from the highest place that any human
ever reached. How can he bear witness that there is no god but Allah and yet
persist in not praying? A testimony such as this obliges him to worship
Allah by means of the greatest act of worship. It is essential to confirm
words with actions, so it is not possible for a person to claim something
that he does not do; rather in that case he is a liar in our view. How come
we describe him as a disbeliever on the basis of the texts which describe
him as such, even though he says Laa ilaaha ill-Allah (there is no god but
Allah), but we do not describe him as a disbeliever for not praying, even
though the texts clearly state that he is a disbeliever? This is nothing but
a contradiction. 

According to the hadith of Mu‘aadh, the Prophet (blessings and peace of
Allah be upon him) said: “There is no one who testifies that there is no god
but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, sincerely from the
heart, but Allah will protect him from Hell” (agreed upon). According to the
hadith of ‘Itbaan ibn Maalik, he (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him)
said: “Verily Allah has forbidden to the Fire anyone who says Laa ilaaha
ill-Allah, seeking thereby the Countenance of Allah” (agreed upon). 

So
uttering the Shahaadatayn (twin declaration of faith) is dependent upon
sincerity of intention and sincerity in the heart, which would prevent a
person from failing to pray. That is because there is no one who is sincere
in saying that but his sincerity would inevitably motivate him to do the
prayer. The prayer is the foundation of Islam and is the connection between
the slave and his Lord. If he is sincere in seeking the Countenance of
Allah, then he will inevitably do that which will help him to attain that,
and he will avoid that which would prevent him reaching that goal. 

By
the same token, if a person bears witness that there is no god but Allah and
that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, sincerely from the heart, that
sincerity will inevitably motivate him to perform the prayer sincerely for
the sake of Allah, may He be exalted, and thus following the Messenger of
Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him), because that is one of the
requirements of that sincere testimony. 

End quote from ash-Sharh al-Mumti‘ (2/31-36) 

Shaykh Ibn Jibreen (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked: 

What is the response of the scholars who regarded one who does not pray out
of carelessness as a disbeliever to the hadith of intercession and the
hadith of the one who has a slip of paper [on which the Shahaadatayn are
written, and it will outweigh his bad deeds in the Balance on the Day of
Resurrection], and the idea that anyone who has an atom’s worth of faith in
his heart will be brought out of Hell? 

He
replied: 

It
is well-known from the hadiths of intercession that there will be no
intercession except for those who affirmed the Oneness of Allah (Tawheed),
the people of Laa ilaaha ill-Allah, and that they will be known by the mark
of prostration, for Allah will forbid the Fire to consume the mark of
prostration on the son of Adam. This indicates that they pray, and it
indicates that those who do not pray will not be recognised, so they will
not benefit from intercession. 

The same applies to the hadith of the slip of paper: it is well-known that
this slip of paper on which are written the Shahaadatayn, will belong to a
believer who was sincere and certain in his faith, and this sincerity will
undoubtedly motivate him to act accordingly. So this applies to the people
of Laa ilaaha ill-Allah, who act upon their faith, and part of acting upon
it is performing the prayer.

End quote from Sharh Akhsar al-Mukhtasaraat (64/39) 

Over and above all that, we know for certain that some people among this
ummah, among those who affirm the Oneness of Allah, and even among those who
pray, will enter Hell because of sins that they commit, then the Most
Merciful of those who show mercy will bestow His grace upon them and will
bring them out of Hell, and will admit them to Paradise. Hence the angels
will recognise them in Hell, after they have been burnt in it due to their
lengthy stay, and they have been thoroughly burned – the angels will
recognise them by the marks of prostration, for the Fire will consume
everything of the son of Adam except the marks of prostration. 

So
how about the one who did not pray at all, regardless of whether he was a
disbeliever or not, when it is known that prayer is the greatest foundation
of Islam and the greatest means by which a person may draw closer to his
Lord, after the twin declaration of faith, and it is known that not praying
is the gravest of sins, more serious than any sin that any of the sinners
among those who affirm the Oneness of Allah can commit! 

And Allah knows best.