A man divorced his wife irrevocably, and he has a daughter and two sons from her. She will have custody of them, and he will arrange accommodation for them, by Allah’s leave, and pay maintenance for the children. This is after coming to an amicable agreement without referring the matter to the courts, and the amount agreed upon is double what the courts would order, based on what some lawyers told us. He has two questions: is he obliged to pay for the repair of any damage to appliances and the like in the accommodation he is providing, or should the cost of repairs and maintenance for these appliances be part of the agreed-upon maintenance? He also wants to know his financial duties towards his ex-wife, and whether he is obliged to provide accommodation for her? Is there something called “ ‘iddah maintenance” , as they have asked him for something called “ ‘iddah maintenance (nafaqat al-‘iddah)”, which is different from nafaqat al-mut‘ah and al-mu’akhkhar (delayed portion of the mahr)? We apologise for asking such a lengthy question, but the matter is important, so that there will be no wrongdoing done to anyone. May Allah reward you with good.

Praise
be to Allah

Firstly:

The irrevocably
divorced woman is not entitled to maintenance or accommodation, unless she
is pregnant. The evidence for that is the report narrated by Muslim (1480)
from ash-Sha‘bi, who said: I entered upon Faatimah bint Qays and asked her
about the ruling of the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be
upon him) concerning her. She said: My husband divorced me irrevocably, and
I referred my dispute with him about maintenance and accommodation to the
Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him). He did not
grant me any accommodation or maintenance, and he told me to observe my
‘iddah in the house of Ibn Umm Maktoom.

According to a
report narrated by Muslim also, she said: I mentioned that to the Messenger
of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and he said: “You are
not entitled to any maintenance or accommodation.” According to a report
narrated by Abu Daawood: “… unless you are pregnant.”

Secondly:

Mut‘ah [here it
refers to a gift given to a divorced wife in a particular instance] is only
to be given to a woman who is divorced before consummation of the marriage,
whose mahr had not been decided upon at the time of the marriage contract,
because Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):


“There
is no blame upon you if you divorce women you have not touched nor specified
for them an obligation. But give them [a gift of] compensation – the wealthy
according to his capability and the poor according to his capability – a
provision according to what is acceptable, a duty upon the doers of good”


[al-Baqarah
2:236].

If divorce
occurred after consummation of the marriage, then she is not entitled to
this gift [mut‘ah] according to the majority of fuqaha’, but it is
recommended for him to give her a gift, according to his means and what he
is able to afford.

This has been
discussed previously in fatwa no. 126281.

Thirdly:

If he has issued
a first or second divorce (talaaq) to her, and has not taken her back before
the ‘iddah ended – which means that she is completely divorced – then she is
entitled to maintenance during the ‘iddah. But if it was a final,
irrevocable divorce – such as a third talaaq, then she is not entitled to
any maintenance or accommodation, as is mentioned above in the hadith of
Faatimah bint Qays.

Fourthly:

If the divorced
woman is the one who has custody of the children, then the fuqaha’ differed
concerning her accommodation: is the father (of the children of whom she has
custody) obliged to provide it, or is it to be provided by her and the one
who spends on her, or is it a shared responsibility, to be paid for by the
man and his ex-wife, according to the decision of the judge, or is it the
case that if she has accommodation, that should be sufficient for her, and
if she does not have accommodation, then the father of the children must
provide it for her?

This last view
is a good view. See question no. 220081.

See also:
Haashiyat Ibn ‘Aabideen (3/562); Sharh al-Khurashi (4/218);
al-Mawsoo‘ah al-Fiqhiyyah (17/313).

If the father is
obliged to provide accommodation for his children – as we shall see below –
then the ex-wife may stipulate that she be able to join them in their
accommodation, so long as she has custody, and she is not obliged to live
with her family or in any accommodation that is rented for her.

They (the
divorced couple) may come to an agreement that she can stay in her
children’s house, or in a home of her own.

Fifthly:

If the ex-wife
is the one who has custody of his children, she may request payment for
taking care of them, even if there is another woman who is willing to offer
such care for free. This is the view of the Hanbalis.

It says in
Muntaha al-Iraadaat: The mother should be given priority, even if she
charges the same as another woman, as in the case of breastfeeding. See:
Sharh Muntaha al-Iraadaat (3/249).

The view of the
Maalikis is that no fee can be charged for taking care of the children.

The Hanafis and
Shaafa‘is discuss the matter in more detail. See: al-Mawsoo‘at
al-Fiqhiyyah (17/311).

Sixthly:

The husband must
spend on his children, which includes accommodation, food, drink, clothing,
school costs, medical care and all that they need.

That should be
worked out on a reasonable basis, paying attention to the husband’s
financial situation, because Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation
of the meaning):


“Let
a man of wealth spend from his wealth, and he whose provision is restricted
– let him spend from what Allah has given him. Allah does not charge a soul
except [according to] what He has given it. Allah will bring about, after
hardship, ease”


[at-Talaaq 65:7].

This varies from
one country and person to another.

With regard to
whatever is needed and costs for maintenance and repair of appliances that
they will use, if the children’s maintenance is sufficient to cover that,
along with whatever they need of food, drink and so on, then the cost of
maintenance for the appliances should come from that.

If the
children’s maintenance is not enough to cover that, and they need these
appliances, then the maintenance of the appliances should come from the
father’s wealth, because it comes under the heading of the chaildren’s
maintenance.

And Allah knows
best.