What is meant by lowering the gaze?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
Lowering the gaze (ghadd al-basr) means restraining the gaze
and not allowing it to wander or dwell upon anything.
Ibn Faaris said in Mu’jam Maqaayees al-Lughah
(4/307):
Ghayn and daad indicate
restraining, as in the phrase ghadd al-basr (lowering the gaze)… End
quote.
Ibn al-Manzoor said in Lisaan al-‘Arab (7/196):
Lowering the gaze (ghadd al-basr) means restraining it. End
quote.
Secondly:
In Islamic terminology it refers to a number of things:
1 – Refraining from looking at people’s ‘awrahs, which
includes the beauty of a non-mahram woman.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him)
said in Majmoo’ al-Fataawa (15/414):
Allaah, may He be glorified and exalted, has enjoined us in
His Book to lower the gaze, which is of two types: refraining from looking
at ‘awrahs and refraining from looking at the site of desire.
The former refers to a man refraining from looking at the
‘awrah of another person.
The second refers to looking at uncovered parts of a
non-mahram woman. This is more serious than the former, just as alcohol is
more serious than dead meat and blood and pork, and the hadd punishment
should be carried out on the one who drinks it, because these haraam things
are not as desirable as alcohol may be. End quote.
2 – Refraining from looking into people’s houses and
things that are behind closed doors
Ibn Taymiyah says in Majmoo’ al-Fataawa (15/379):
Just as lowering the gaze includes not looking at the ‘awrahs
of other people and other haraam things, it also includes refraining from
looking into people’s houses. A man’s house conceals his body just as his
garments conceal him. Allaah has mentioned lowering the gaze and guarding
one’s private parts after the verse about asking for permission to enter,
because the house covers a person just as the clothes on his body do. End
quote.
Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in
Madaarij al-Saalikeen (1/117):
Haraam kinds of looking include looking at ‘awrahs, which is
of two types: the ‘awrah behind a garment and the ‘awrah behind doors. End
quote.
3 – Refraining from looking at what people have of wealth,
wives, children, worldly goods and so on.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Look not with your eyes ambitiously at what We have
bestowed on certain classes of them (the disbelievers), nor grieve over
them. And lower your wings for the believers (be courteous to the
fellow‑believers)”
[al-Hijr 15:88]
Ibn Sa’di said in his Tafseer (434):
i.e., do not admire them in such a way that you will
distracted with desire for the worldly pleasures enjoyed by those who live
in luxury and by which the ignorant are deceived. You should be content with
that which Allaah has given you of the seven oft-repeated verses and the
Holy Qur’aan (cf. al-Hijr 15:87). End quote.
He also said (p. 516):
i.e., do not be impressed and do not look repeatedly admiring
worldly pleasures and those who are enjoying them, such as delicious food
and drink, fine clothing, beautiful houses and adorned women, for all of
that is the adornment of this world in which those who are deceived rejoice.
And those who do wrong enjoy it by ignoring the Hereafter. But it will all
soon end and cease to be, and those who love it will die, then they will
regret when regret will be to no avail, and they will realize the state they
are in when the Resurrection begins. Allaah has made it a test and a trial,
so that it may be known who will be deceived by it and who will be better in
deeds. End quote.
Thirdly:
The scholars have mentioned many benefits of lowering the
gaze, including the following:
Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in
al-Jawaab al-Kaafi (125):
There are a number of benefits in lowering the gaze:
1 – It is obedience to the command of Allaah, which brings
happiness to man in this world and in the next. There is nothing more
beneficial to a person in this world and in the next than obeying the
commands of his Lord, may He be blessed and exalted, and those who are happy
in this world and the next can only attain that happiness by obeying His
commands, and those who are doomed in this world and in the next are only
doomed because they ignore His commands.
2 – It prevents the poisoned arrows (of the shaytaan), which
may lead to his doom, from reaching his heart.
3 – It creates a heart that is devoted to and focused on
Allaah. Letting the gaze wander distracts the heart and keeps it far from
Allaah. There is nothing more harmful to a person than letting his gaze
wander, as it creates alienation between a person and his Lord.
4 – It strengthens the heart and brings it peace, just as
letting the gaze wander weakens it and makes it sad.
5 – It brings light to the heart, just as letting the gaze
wander brings darkness to it. Hence Allaah mentioned the verse of light
immediately after the command to lower the gaze, as He says (interpretation
of the meaning):
“Tell the believing men to lower their gaze (from looking
at forbidden things), and protect their private parts…”
[al-Noor 24:30]
Then straight after that He says (interpretation of the
meaning):
“Allaah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The
parable of His Light is as (if there were) a niche and within it a lamp”
[al-Noor 24:35]
i.e., the likeness of His light in the heart of His believing
slave who obeys His commands and heeds His prohibitions. If the heart is
enlightened blessings will come to it from all sides, but if it is darkened,
calamity and evil will come to it from all places. Whatever exists of
innovation, misguidance, following whims and desires, avoiding true guidance
and turning away from the means of happiness and focusing on the means that
lead to doom, that will be recognizable by means of the light that is in the
heart. If that light is lost then one will left like a blind man stumbling
in the darkness.
6 – It generates true insight which can distinguish between
truth and falsehood, sincerity and lies. Allaah rewards His slave for his
good deeds with something similar and if he gives up something for the sake
of Allaah, He will compensate him with something better than it. So if he
lowers his gaze and refrains from looking at things that Allaah has
forbidden, Allaah will compensate him with enlightenment; he will compensate
him for restraining his gaze for the sake of Allaah, and will open to him
the doors of knowledge, faith and true insight which he only attained by
means of the light in his heart. The opposite of that is the blindness which
Allaah attributed to the homosexuals, which is the opposite of insight.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Verily, by your life (O Muhammad
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), in their
wild intoxication, they were wandering blindly”
[al-Hijr 15:72]
7 – It creates a heart that is steadfast, brave and strong.
Allaah will give him both insight and power and strength, as it says in the
report: “The one who goes against his whims and desires, the shaytaan flees
from his shadow.”
On the other hand, the one who follows his whims and desires
will feel a sense of humiliation, indignity, worthlessness and
insignificance, which is the punishment which Allaah has decreed for those
who disobey Him as al-Hasan said: “Even if they ride the finest of mounts,
the effect of sin will never depart from them. Allaah insists that the one
who disobeys Him will be humiliated.”
Allaah, may He be glorified and exalted, has connected
strength to obedience to Him, and humiliation to disobedience to Him. Allaah
says (interpretation of the meaning):
“But honour, power and glory belong to Allaah, and to His
Messenger (Muhammad
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), and to
the believers”
[al-Munaafiqoon 63:8]
“So do not become weak (against your enemy), nor be sad,
and you will be superior (in victory) if you are indeed (true) believers”
[Aal ‘Imraan 3:139].
Faith is both words and deeds, inward and outward. Allaah
says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Whosoever desires honour, power and glory then to Allaah
belong all honour, power and glory [and one can get honour, power and glory
only by obeying and worshipping Allaah (Alone)]. To Him ascend (all) the
goodly words, and the righteous deeds exalt it (i.e. the goodly words are
not accepted by Allaah unless and until they are followed by good deeds)”
[Faatir 35:10]
i.e., whoever desires power, let him seek it by means of
obedience to Allaah and remembrance of Him, by speaking good words and doing
good deeds. In Du’aa’ al-Qunoot it says: “he is not humiliated whom You have
befriended, nor is he honoured who You take as an enemy”. Whoever obeys
Allaah is His friend in as much as he obeys Him, and he will have support
and honour from Him commensurate with his obedience towards Him. Whoever
disobeys Him is His enemy in as much as he disobeys Him, and he will have
humiliation from Him commensurate with his disobedience towards Him.
8 – It blocks the shaytaan from a means of entering his
heart, for he may enter with looking, and penetrate the heart faster than
the wind blowing through an empty space, and he may present to him the image
that he looked at and make it attractive, like an idol to which his heart
becomes devoted, then he encourages him and gives him hopes, and fans the
flames of desire in his heart, adding the fuel of sin which could not have
reached his heart without looking at that image. So his heart becomes
inflamed and surrounded with fire on all sides, resulting in infatuation and
frustration, and he is in the midst of it like a lamb in the oven. Hence the
punishment for those whose desires were fuelled by haraam looking is that in
al-Barzakh they are placed in an oven of fire.
9 – It distracts one from thinking of what is in one’s best
interests, so his affairs become neglected and he follows his whims and
desires and neglects to remember his Lord. Allaah says (interpretation of
the meaning):
“and let not your eyes overlook them, desiring the pomp
and glitter of the life of the world; and obey not him whose heart We have
made heedless of Our remembrance, and who follows his own lusts, and whose
affair (deeds) has been lost”
[al-Kahf 18:28]
10 – Between the eyes and the heart there is a connection
which means that the one is affected by the other, and if one of them
becomes good, the other will also become good, and if one becomes corrupt
the other will become corrupt. If the heart becomes corrupt the gaze will
become corrupt, and if the gaze become corrupt the heart will become
corrupt, and similarly if one is sound the other will also be sound. End
quote.
And Allaah knows best.
