What is the ruling on renting property to someone who will commit evil deeds therein?

Praise
be to Allah

With regard to renting property to someone who will commit
evil deeds therein, there are three scenarios: 

1.

Where the property is rented out with the aim of using it for
haraam purposes, in the sense that the haraam usage is the aim of the
contract, such as renting an apartment to someone who will use it for the
purposes of prostitution, or renting a shop to someone who will use it as a
bar or dance hall, and the like. 

Such contracts are invalid, and the rent that is received
from them is haraam and must be gotten rid of by spending it on various
charitable causes. 

In al-Mawsoo‘ah al-Fiqhiyyah (8/228) it says: It is
not permissible, according to the majority of fuqaha’, to rent out a
building for Islamically unacceptable purposes, such as when the tenant will
use it as a place for drinking alcohol or gambling, or as a church or
idolatrous place of worship. 

In that case it is haraam to accept rent for it, just as it
is haraam to pay such rent, because it comes under the heading of helping in
sin. End quote. 

This has been discussed previously in the answer to question
no. 152481 

2.

Where the property is rented out to someone who will use it
for permissible purposes, such as a place to live, or for buying and
selling, or practising a permissible trade, and the like. 

Such contracts are valid and there are no reservations about
them. If the tenant commits some evil actions whilst using it for
permissible purposes, that does not affect the validity of the contract, and
the rent received for it does not become haraam. 

As-Sarkhasi (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

There is nothing wrong with a Muslim renting out a house to a
dhimmi (non-Muslim living under Muslim rule). Then if he drinks wine there,
or worships the cross, or brings pork there, the Muslim does not incur any
sin because of that, because he did not rent it out for that purpose, and
the sin is the deed of the tenant, which he did without the landlord
intending for that to happen. So there is no sin on the landlord in that
case. 

End quote from al-Mabsoot (16/39) 

In a question addressed to the sharee‘ah committee of the
Dubai Islamic Bank, it says:

We hope that you can advise us on the ruling on renting out a
shop for a permissible purpose, then the tenant mixes that with something
haraam. 

The response was:

With regard to rentals, what matters is the basic purpose of
the activity for which the rented property will be used. In this case it is
trading in permissible goods, and on that basis the rent for the shop is
permissible, and the responsibility for adding haraam goods for sale rests
with the tenant. At the same time, one should strive to take measures and
stipulate conditions that will prevent this from happening again in the
future, when one is able to enforce these conditions. 

This is different from a case where a shop is rented to be
used specifically for selling alcohol or pork. 

End quote from Fataawa Hay’at al-Fataawa wa’r-Raqaabah
ash-Shar‘iyyah li Bank Dubai al-Islami, fatwa no. 86 

We have previously quoted the words of the scholars affirming
that, in the answers to questions no. 98555 and
114010 

3.

Where the property is rented out for a permissible purpose,
then the tenant changes the agreement and uses the property for a haraam
purpose without the knowledge of the landlord. 

In this case, there is no blame on the property owner for
accepting the rent during the past period before he found out what was
really happening. 

But once he has found out what is really happening, he must
cancel the agreement and make the tenant leave the property. 

Shaykh ‘Atiyah Saqar (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

When renting out property, one of two scenarios must apply: 

either the landlord was aware that the tenant was committing
the haraam activity, such as if he stipulated in the contract that the
rental was for this purpose, or he did not stipulate anything but he was
aware that the haraam activity would be committed there; 

or he was not aware of that. 

In the latter case, the rental is valid, and the rent is
rightfully his and is halaal, according to the consensus of the imams. 

But in the former case, the three imams said – and Abu Yoosuf
and Muhammad, among the companions of Abu Haneefah agreed with them – that
the rental is rendered invalid, because it is based on sin.

End quote from Fataawa Dar al-Ifta’ al-Masriyyah
(9/374) 

Based on that: 

Because you rented the property to this man for him to live
in it, the rent that was paid for it is permissible, and his use of the
apartment for prostitution does not make the rent haraam, because you did
not rent the property to him for the purpose of committing this evil deed,
and you were not aware of it. 

But you did well to make him leave the accommodation as soon
as you found out what was going on. 

We ask Allah to bless your wealth for you and to grant you
wholesome and halaal provision. 

And Allah knows best.