Ruling on calling a child Adam

Praise
be to Allah.

Firstly: calling a child Adam is something that is acceptable in Islam and
there is nothing wrong with it, because Adam (peace be upon him) was one
of the Prophets, and calling children by the names of the Prophets comes
under the heading of giving names that are good and are recommended. It
says in Kashshaaf al-Qinaa‘ (3/26): 

It
is good to give children the names of the Prophets, such as Ibraaheem, Nooh,
Muhammad, Saalih and so on. End quote. 

Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

There was a difference of scholarly opinion as to whether it is makrooh to
give children the names of Prophets. There are two views, the first of which
is that it is not makrooh. This is the view of the majority and is the
correct view. The second view is that it is makrooh.

End quote from Tuhfat al-Mawdood (p. 1 27) 

Please see also the answer to question no. 7180. 

Calling a child Adam does not come under the heading of imitating the
non-Arabs, because this name has been known among the Muslims throughout the
ages and in different regions and countries, with no objection. Among the
scholars of hadith there are some who had the name Adam, such as Adam ibn
Sulaymaan, Adam ibn Abi Iyaas, Adam ibn ‘Ali, Adam ibn al-Hakam, and
others. 

For more information on the guidelines on the kind of resemblance to the
mushrikeen that is prohibited, please see the answer to question no.
108996

Secondly: 

Names may have an impact on that to which they are given. For this and other
reasons it is Islamically prescribed to choose good names. Ibn al-Qayyim
(may Allah have mercy on him) said:

Because names have meanings, it is wise that there should be a proper
connection between the meaning of the names and the object that is carrying
the name. It should not be the case that the meaning is not suited to the
object and there is no connection between the meaning and the object,
because this is what is decreed by the Most Wise, and reality testifies to
that. Indeed names have a great impact on the objects to which they are
applied, and the objects that carry these names will definitely be
influenced by these names, whether these names are good or ugly, whether
they refer to meanings of lightness or heaviness, kindness or cruelty.

End quote from Zaad al-Ma‘aad (2/307) 

But that is not always the case and is not an unchanging principle that
applies to every single name and every single person who is named. You may
come across a bad person whose name is one of the best of names, or you may
come across a righteous man whose name is not as it should be. Rather that
is an opinion based on the reflection of those scholars who mentioned it:
that what is usually the case among people is that there should be some kind
of a connection between the name and the one to whom it is given. 

The main point is that what matters is the character of the one to whom the
name is given, and not only his name; he may or may not have a share of his
name. Allah, may He be exalted, does not look at a man’s name or his colour
or lineage, or his outward appearance, status or wealth; rather He looks at
his deeds and his heart. 

And Allah knows best.