Dhu’l-Khuwaysirah at-Tameemi was a hypocrite

Praise
be to Allah.

Al-Bukhaari (3610) and Muslim (1064)
narrated that Abu Sa‘eed al-Khudri (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
whilst we were with the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be
upon him) and he was sharing out some wealth, Dhu’l-Khuwaysirah, a man from
Banu Tameem, came and said: O Messenger of Allah, be fair! The Messenger of
Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Woe to you! Who will
be fair if I am not fair? You will be doomed and lost if I am not fair.”
‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, give me
permission to strike his neck. The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace
of Allah be upon him) said: “Let him be, for he has companions, in
comparison to whose prayer one of you would regard his prayer as
insignificant, and he would regard his fasting as insignificant in
comparison to their fasting. They recite the Qur’aan but it does not go any
further than their collarbones. They will pass out of Islam as an arrow
passes out of the prey. whilst we were with the Messenger of Allah
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and he was sharing out some
wealth, Dhu’l-Khuwaysirah, a man from Banu Tameem, came and said: O
Messenger of Allah, be fair! The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of
Allah be upon him) said: “Woe to you! Who will be fair if I am not fair? You
will be doomed and lost if I am not fair.” ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab (may Allah
be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, give me permission to
strike his neck. The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be
upon him) said: “Let him be, for he has companions, in comparison to whose
prayer one of you would regard his prayer as insignificant, and he would
regard his fasting as insignificant in comparison to their fasting. They
recite the Qur’aan but it does not go any further than their collarbones.
They will pass out of Islam as an arrow passes out of the prey 

This Dhu’l-Khuwaysirah was the leader of
the Khawaarij. See the answer to question no. 191140 

According to another report narrated by
Abu Sa‘eed: ‘Ali ibn Abi Taalib sent to the Messenger of Allah (blessings
and peace of Allah be upon him) some gold from Yemen in a tanned leather
bag, that had not been purified of the earth clinging to it. He shared it
out among four men: ‘Uyaynah ibn Badr, al-Aqra’ ibn Haabis, Zayd al-Khayl
and the fourth, who was either ‘Alqamah ibn ‘Ulaathah or ‘Aamir ibn al-Tufayl.
One of his companions said: We had more right to it than these men. News of
that reached the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and he
said: “Do you not trust me, when I am the trustee of the One Who is above
the heaven and the news of heaven comes to me morning and evening?” A man
with sunken eyes, prominent cheeks, a high forehead, a thick beard and
shaven head stood up, tucking up his izaar, and said: O Messenger of Allah,
fear Allah! He said: “Woe to you! Am I not the one who should fear Allah the
most among the people of earth?” Then the man turned and left, and Khaalid
ibn al-Waleed said: O Messenger of Allah, should I not strike his neck (kill
him)?  He said: “No, perhaps he prays.” Khaalid said: How many of those who
pray say with their tongues what is not in their hearts? The Messenger of
Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “I have not been
commanded to check people’s hearts or split open their bellies (meaning
checking what is in their hidden thoughts).” Then he looked at him as he was
going back and said: “From among the progeny of this man will emerge people
who recite the Book of Allah fluently, but it will not go any further than
their throats. They will pass out of the faith as an arrow passes out of the
prey.” 

Al-Haafiz Ibn Hajar (may Allah have mercy
on him) said: This man was Dhu’l-Khuwaysirah at-Tameemi. End quote. 

This man was a hypocrite. 

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah
have mercy on him) said: 

The Qur’an stated that this man was a
hypocrite: “And of them are some who accuse you (O
Muhammad blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) in the matter of (the
distribution of) the alms” [at-Tawbah
9:58],
i.e., he will criticise and cast aspersions upon you. By telling the Prophet
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) to be just and fear Allah, after
he had given that wealth only to those four people, he was accusing the
Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) of being unjust and not
fearing Allah. Hence the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him)
said: “Am I not the one who should fear Allah the most among the people of
earth? Do you not trust me, when I am the trustee of the One Who is above
the heaven?” 

Such words would undoubtedly deserve
execution, if anyone were to say them today. The Prophet (blessings and
peace of Allah be upon him) only refrained from executing him because he
outwardly appeared to be a Muslim, by regularly praying, which is what
people are to be fought for until they do it. His hypocrisy was because of
what he caused the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) of
offence, but the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) had the
right to pardon him and overlook his misdeed. He used to pardon them and
overlook their misdeeds in order to soften their hearts towards Islam, lest
the people said that Muhammad was killing his companions.

End quote from as-Saarim al-Maslool
(pp. 228-229) 

This is also indicated by the report
narrated by Muslim (1063) from Jaabir ibn ‘Abdullah (may Allah be pleased
with him) who said: A man came to the Messenger of Allah (blessings and
peace of Allah be upon him) in al-Ji‘raanah, when he was on his way back
from Hunayn. In the cloak of Bilaal there was some silver and the Messenger
of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) was giving handfuls of
it to the people. He said: O Muhammad, be fair! He said: “Woe to you! Who
will be fair if I am not fair? I will be doomed and lost if I am not fair.”
‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “O Messenger of
Allah, let me kill this hypocrite! He said: “Allah forbid that the people
should say that I kill my companions. This man and his ilk read the Qur’an,
but it does not go any further than their throats, and they pass through it
like an arrow passing through the prey.” 

The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah
be upon him) did not rebuke ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) for
calling him a hypocrite. 

It is also indicated by the report
narrated by al-Bukhaari from the hadeeth of Abu Sa‘eed mentioned above
(6933), in which Abu Sa‘eed said: I bear witness that I heard it from the
Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him), and I bear witness that
‘Ali killed them, and I was with him. A man was brought who matched the
description given by the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him).
He said: And these words were revealed concerning him (interpretation of the
meaning): “And of them are some who accuse you (O
Muhammad blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) in the matter of (the
distribution of) the alms” [at-Tawbah
9:58]. 

The words of Allah,
“And of them are some who accuse you (O Muhammad blessings
and peace of Allah be upon him) in the matter of (the distribution of) the
alms” [at-Tawbah
9:58], were revealed
concerning the hypocrites. 

Ibn Katheer (may Allah have mercy on him)
said: 

Allah, may He be exalted, says ‘And of
them’ that is, among the hypocrites ‘are some who accuse you’
that is, they criticize you with regard to the distribution of the alms or
charity, when you share it out, and they make accusations against you. They
are the ones who deserve to be accused, yet despite that their objection is
not motivated by religious concerns; rather it is motivated by their whims
and desires. Hence if they are given something they are pleased, but if they
are not given something, they become enraged, i.e., they get angry.

End quote from Tafseer Ibn Katheer
(4/144) 

Al-Qaari (may Allah have mercy on him)
said: 

Dhu’l-Khuwaysirah was a man from Banu
Tameem concerning whom the words of Allah, may He be exalted, were revealed
(interpretation of the meaning): “And of them are
some who accuse you (O Muhammad blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) in
the matter of (the distribution of) the alms” [at-Tawbah
9:58].
Hence he was one of the hypocrites.

End quote from Mirqaat al-Mafaateeh
(9/3799) 

See also: 

‘Umdat al-Qaari
(16/143)

Daleel al-Faaliheen
(1/186)

Tafseer Ibn ‘Atiyyah
(3/46)

Sharh az-Zarqaani ‘ala al-Muwatta’
(1/251)

At-Tahdheer wa’t-Tanweer
(10/232) 

See the answer to question no.
148986 for information on the difference between
the hypocrite and the apostate 

And Allah knows best.