Fatwa from the Standing Committee regarding the case when the day of Eid happens to be a Friday

Concerning this issue, there are a number of marfoo‘
hadiths and mawqoof reports, including the following: 

1.

The hadith of Zayd ibn Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him),
according to which Mu‘aawiyah ibn Abi Sufyaan (may Allah have mercy
on him) asked him: Did you ever witness
with the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him)  two
Eids that happened on the same day? He said: Yes. He said: What did he do?
He said: He offered the Eid prayer, then he granted a concession allowing
people to miss Jumu‘ah prayer, and he said: “Whoever wishes to pray (Jumu‘ah),
let him do so.”

Narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawood, an-Nasaa’i,
Ibn Maajah, ad-Daarimi, and by al-Haakim in al-Mustadrak, where he
said: This hadith has saheeh isnaads, even though they [al-Bukhaari and
Muslim] did not narrate it, and it has a corroborating report according to
the conditions of Muslim. And adh-Dhahabi agreed with him. An-Nawawi said in
al-Majmoo‘: Its isnaad is jayyid. 

2.

The corroborating evidence mentioned above
is the hadith of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), according to
which the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him)
said: “Two Eids have come together on this day of yours, so whoever wishes,
it [the Eid prayer] will suffice for Jumu‘ah, but we will pray Jumu‘ah.”

Narrated by al-Haakim as stated above;
also narrated by Abu Dawood, Ibn Maajah, Ibn al-Jaarood, al-Bayhaqi and
others. 

3.

The hadith of Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be
pleased with him) who said: Two Eids came together at the time of the
Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him). He led the
people in (the Eid) prayer, then he said: “Whoever wishes to come to Jumu‘ah
may come and whoever wishes not to do so may stay away.” Narrated by Ibn
Maajah. It was also narrated by at-Tabaraani in al-Mu‘jam al-Kabeer
as follows: Two Eids came together at the time of the Messenger of Allah
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him): Eid al-Fitr and Jumu‘ah. The
Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) led them in
the Eid prayer, then he turned to face them and said: O people, you have
attained goodness and reward, but we are going to pray Jumu‘ah; whoever
wishes to pray Jumu‘ah may do so, and whoever wishes to go back, may go
back.” 

4.

The hadith of Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allah be
pleased with him), according to which the Messenger of Allah (blessings and
peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Two Eids have come together on this day
of yours, so whoever wishes, it [the Eid prayer] will suffice for Jumu‘ah,
but we will pray Jumu‘ah in sha Allah.”

Narrated by Ibn Maajah. Al-Buwaysiri said:
Its isnaad is saheeh and its men are thiqaat (trustworthy) 

5.

The mursal report of Dhakwaan ibn Saalih
says: Two Eids came together at the time of the Messenger of Allah
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him): Jumu‘ah and Eid. He led them in
(the Eid prayer), then he stood up to address the people and said: “You have
remembered Allah and attained goodness. But we will pray Jumu‘ah, so whoever
wants to stay – in his house – may do so, and whoever wants to pray Jumu‘ah
may do so.”

Narrated by al-Bayhaqi in as-Sunan al-Kubra. 

6.

It was narrated that ‘Ata’ ibn Abi Rabaah
said: Ibn az-Zubayr led us in prayer on the day of Eid, on a Friday, at the
beginning of the day, then we went to pray Jumu‘ah and he did not come out
to us, so we prayed by ourselves. Ibn ‘Abbaas was in at-Taa’if and when we
came we told him about that, and he said: He acted in accordance with the
Sunnah.

Narrated by Abu Dawood. A different
version was narrated by Ibn Khuzaymah, in which he added at the end: And Ibn
az-Zubayr said: I saw ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab do something like this when two
Eids happened on the same day. 

7.

In the Saheeh of al-Bukhaari (may
Allah have mercy on him) and the Muwatta’ of Maalik (may Allah have
mercy on him) it is narrated that Abu ‘Ubayd, the freed slave of Ibn Azhar,
said: I was present on the occasion of two Eids (together) with ‘Uthmaan ibn
‘Affaan; that was on a Friday. He offered the (Eid) prayer before the
khutbah, then delivered the khutbah and said: O people, on this day two Eids
have come to you together, so whoever wants to wait for Jumu‘ah with the
people of al-‘Awaali, let him do so, and whoever wants to go back, then I
gave him permission to do so. 

8.

It was narrated that ‘Ali ibn Abi Taalib
(may Allah have mercy on him) said, when two Eids came together on one day:
Whoever wants to pray Jumu‘ah, let him do so, and whoever wants to stay, let
him do so.” Sufyaan said: i.e., let him stay in his house.

Narrated by ‘Abd ar-Razzaaq in al-Musannaf;
a similar report was narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah. 

Based on these hadiths that have isnaads
going back to the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him), and
these mawqoof reports from a number of the Sahaabah (may Allah be pleased
with them), and what has been affirmed by the majority of scholars, the
Committee has issued the following rulings: 

1.

Whoever attends the Eid prayer has a
concession allowing him not to attend Jumu‘ah prayer, so he may pray it as
Zuhr at the time of Zuhr. But if he decides to pray Jumu‘ah with the people,
that is preferable. 

2.

Whoever has not attended the Eid prayer is
not included in that concession, therefore the obligation to attend Jumu‘ah
is not waived in his case. Therefore he must go to the mosque in order to
pray Jumu‘ah. If there are insufficient numbers to perform Jumu‘ah prayer,
then he should pray it as Zuhr. 

3.

The imam of the Jumu‘ah mosque must hold
Jumu‘ah prayers on that day so that those who wish to attend, and those who
did not attend the Eid prayer, may attend Jumu‘ah. If sufficient numbers of
people attend for Jumu‘ah prayer, then Jumu‘ah prayer must be offered,
otherwise it should be offered as Zuhr. 

4.

Whoever attends the Eid prayer and has a
concession allowing him not to attend Jumu‘ah must pray it as Zuhr after the
time for Zuhr begins. 

5.

At this time it is not prescribed to give
the adhaan except in the mosques where Jumu‘ah prayers will be held. It is
not prescribed to give the adhaan for Zuhr on that day. 

6.

The view that whoever attends the Eid
prayer has a concession waiving both Jumu‘ah and Zuhr prayer on that day is
an incorrect view. Therefore it is rejected by the scholars and they have
deemed it to be mistaken and odd, because it is contrary to the Sunnah and
suggests that one of the obligatory duties enjoined by Allah, may He be
glorified and exalted, is to be waived with no evidence to that effect.
Perhaps the Sunnahs and reports about this issue – which grant a concession
allowing the one who attended the Eid prayer not to attend Jumu‘ah, but
state that he must still pray Zuhr – did not reach the one who said that. 

And Allah, may He be exalted, knows best.
May Allah send blessings and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon his
family and companions.

Standing Committee for Academic Research
and Issuing Fatwas 

Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn ‘Abdullah Aal
ash-Shaykh, Shaykh ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abd ar-Rahmaan al-Ghadyaan, Shaykh Bakr
ibn ‘Abdullah Abu Zayd, Shaykh Saalih ibn Fawzaan al-Fawzaan