Since the prophet said “Begin fasting after sighting the moon”, how can muslims be fasting one on Tuesday in one part of the world and wednesday in another part. We should all begin our fast at the same time regardless of where we live.
We are students in the U.S. and Canada, and
we face the same problem every year at the beginning of Ramadaan, because the Muslims are split into three groups:A group that fasts when the new moon is sighted in the city in which
they live.
A group that fasts when fasting starts in Saudi Arabia.
A group that fasts when they hear news from the Muslim students’
union in the U.S. and Canada which watches for the new moon in different parts of America, and as soon as the new moon is sighted in one city, they spread the news to different Islamic centres so that the Muslims in America can start fasting on the same day, despite the great distances between the different cities.
Which group should we follow? Whose sighting of the moon should we rely
on? Please give us a fatwa, may Allaah reward you.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly: the fact that the moon rises at different times in different
places is a well-established fact; no scholar disputes this. However, the scholars differ
as to whether this matters or not.
Secondly: the question as to whether different times of moonrise is
something that matters is a theoretical question in which ijtihaad is permissible. Those
who have knowledge of science and religion differ on this matter, and this difference of
opinion is permissible; the one who has the correct opinion will have two rewards, one for
being right and one for making ijtihaad; the one whose opinion is wrong will still be
rewarded for his ijtihaad.
The scholars’ differences on this matter may be described as one
of two: some of them thought that the differences in the times of the moon’s rising
was of significance, and others thought that it was not. Both groups cite evidence from
the Qur’aan and Sunnah, and maybe even quote the same text, such as the aayah
(interpretation of the meaning): “They ask you (O Muhammad) about the new moons.
Say: these are signs to mark fixed periods of time for mankind and for the
pilgrimage…” [al-Baqarah 2:189] and the hadeeth, “Fast when you see it
[the new moon] and stop fasting when you see it…” The difference is one of
interpretation of the texts, as each group has its own methods of deriving evidence.
Thirdly: the committee has looked at the issue of confirming the new
moon by calculations and what was said on this matter in the Qur’aan and Sunnah, and
they have studied the opinions of the scholars on this matter. They decided unanimously
that astronomical calculations do not count when it comes to confirming the new moon for
shar’i purposes, because the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
said: “Fast when you see it [the new moon] and stop fasting when you see
it…” and also: “Do not fast until you see it [the new moon] and do not stop
fasting until you see it…”, and because of the evidence that is derived from
these ahaadeeth.
The Standing Committee on Scientific Research and Fatwas (al-Lajnah
al-Daa’imah li’l-Buhooth al-‘Ilmiyyah wa’l-Iftaa’) thinks
that the Muslim students’ union (or any other group representing the Muslim
community) in countries where the government is not Islamic should take the place of an
Islamic government in the matter of confirming the new moon for the people living in those
non-Islamic countries.
On the basis of the above, this union has the choice of two options:
either to consider the differences in times of moonrise to be of significance, or not to
do so. Then they should inform all the Muslims in their country what their opinion is, and
the Muslims have to follow what they have been told, so as to unite the Muslims in their
fasting and to put an end to disputes and confusion. Everyone who lives in those countries
should try to sight the moon in the place where they are living, and if one or more
trustworthy persons sight the moon, they should fast according to that and tell the union
to spread the news. This is at the beginning of Ramadaan; at the end of the month there
has to be two witnesses to see the new moon of Shawwaal or the completion of thirty days
of Ramadaan, because the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
“Fast when you see it [the new moon] and stop fasting when you see it, and if it is
cloudy then complete the month with thirty days.” And Allaah knows best.
