I have a friend who curses a great deal, and his justification is that our noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “… curse them [a certain type of woman] because they are cursed.” Allaah is my witness that I have advised him, but to no avail. What is your advice to him?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
Cursing
falls into two categories:
1 – Cursing
the kuffaar and sinners in general terms. This is permissible as is
indicated by the texts of the Qur’aan and Sunnah.
2 – Cursing
an individual kaafir or evildoer concerning whom there is no text that
speaks of cursing him. There is a difference of opinion concerning this
among the scholars, but the correct view is that it is not allowed. See
question no. 36674.
Secondly:
Cursing a
great deal is criticized, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) said: “The believer is not a slanderer, one who curses a
great deal, one who indulges in obscenity or who in engages in foul talk.”
Narrated by al-Tirmidhi (1977); classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh
al-Tirmidhi.
Al-Tirmidhi
(2019) also narrated that Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) said:
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The
believer is not one who curses a great deal.” Classed as saheeh by
al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi.
The Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said that cursing a great
deal is one of the causes of entering the Fire, as al-Bukhaari (304) and
Muslim (80) narrated that Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri (may Allaah be pleased with
him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) said: “O women, give in charity and pray a great deal for
forgiveness, for I have seen that you are the majority of the people of
Hell.” A wise woman among them said: Why is it, O Messenger of Allaah, that
we are the majority of the people of Hell? He said: “You curse a great deal
and are ungrateful (takfurna) to your husbands …
And Muslim
(2599) narrated that Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: It
was said: O Messenger of Allaah, pray against the mushrikeen. He said: “I
was not sent to curse, rather I was sent as a mercy.”
And Muslim
(2597) narrated from Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
“It is not appropriate for a sincere believer to be given to cursing.”
And Muslim
(2598) narrated that Abu’l-Darda’ (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: I
heard the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) say: “Those who curse a great deal will not be witnesses or
intercessors on the Day of Resurrection.”
If the
matter is as described in these ahaadeeth, then how can a Muslim accept this
status for himself and accept to miss out on the status of the sincere
believer, the witness and the intercessor on the Day of Resurrection?
Al-Nawawi
(may Allaah have mercy on him) said in Sharh Muslim: It is not
appropriate for the sincere believer to be given to cursing or for those who
are given to cursing to be witnesses or intercessors on the Day of
Resurrection. This is a rebuke that discourages cursing and a warning that
the one who has this characteristic does not possess these beautiful
attributes, for cursing is a kind of du’aa’ in which one prays that someone
will be cast far away from the mercy of Allaah, and praying for such a thing
is not the attitude of the believers whom Allaah has described as merciful
to one another and as cooperating in righteousness and piety, and has made
them like a structure, parts of which support other parts, and like a single
body. The believer likes for his brother what he likes for himself. If a man
prays that his brother be cursed, which means asking that he be cast far
away from the mercy of Allaah, this is the ultimate in severing ties and
turning one’s back on another, and this is the worst that the Muslim wishes
for the kaafir, and prays against him. Hence it says in the saheeh hadeeth:
“Cursing a believer is like killing him,” because the killer cuts him off
from the benefits of this world, and this cuts him off from the blessings of
the Hereafter and the mercy of Allaah, may He be exalted. And it was said
that “Cursing a believer is like killing him” refers to the degree of sin,
which is more likely. End quote.
Thirdly:
What is
mentioned in the texts about some types of sinners being cursed, such as the
thief, the one who drinks alcohol and the one who consumes riba, is to be
interpreted as being general in meaning, not referring to any specific
person, according to the majority of scholars. But it is not permissible to
curse a specific person, because of the ahaadeeth which say that cursing is
not allowed, and because that involves insulting and causing annoyance,
which may lead to despairing of the mercy of Allaah.
That
includes the hadeeth referred to in the question, which was narrated by
al-Tabaraani from ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Amr (may Allaah be pleased with him), who
said: I heard the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) say: “At the end of my ummah there will be women who are clothed
yet naked, with something on their heads like the humps of camels; curse
them for they are cursed.” Classed as hasan by al-Albaani in al-Thamar
al-Mustataab (1/317) and in Jilbaab al-Mar’ah al-Muslimah (p.
125).
This is to
be understood as a curse that is general in meaning, as stated above.
You should
convey this advice to your brother, so that he will stop doing this, because
even though it is not haraam, as is the view of the majority of scholars, at
the very least it is dubious, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever guards against the doubtful matters will
protect his religious commitment from shortcomings and will protect his
honour from slander, but whoever falls into that which is doubtful will fall
into that which is haraam.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (52) and Muslim (1599).
Moreover the
believer should be keen to guide people and show compassion towards them,
striving to call them and save them. Cursing does not lead to any such
thing, rather if the one who is prayed against hears about it, it will put
him off even more and will make him feel more resentful. How good it is for
a man to get used to praying for people, such as saying: May Allaah guide
him, O Allaah, guide them aright, and so on, which is beneficial for the one
who prays and the one for whom he prays. People’s hearts are between two
fingers of the Most Merciful, and who can be sure that he is safe? If you
have been guided then praise Allaah and hope for your brothers to be given
the same blessings that you have been given. Remember the words of Allaah
(interpretation of the meaning):
“Even as
he is now, so were you yourselves before till Allaah conferred on you His
Favours (i.e. guided you to Islam)”
[al-Nisa’
4:94]
What does
this brother think of the words of the Messenger (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him): “Whoever among you sees one who has been stricken
with calamity and says, ‘Praise be to Allaah Who has spared me that with
which He has tested you, and has favoured me over many of those whom He has
created,’ Allaah will protect him from that calamity, no matter what it is,
so long as he lives.” Narrated by al-Tirmidhi (3431); classed as hasan by
al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi. This is the guidance of the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him); this is his Sunnah and his
example, in word and in deed. So adhere to it, and you will be one of those
who are successful and are saved.
May Allaah
help us all to do that which He loves and which pleases Him.
And Allaah
knows best.
