Is it permissible to pray for one who committed suicide?

Killing oneself is a major sin, and there are stern warnings
addressed to the one who does that, but it does not put one beyond the pale
of Islam. In the Sunnah it shows that it is permissible for ordinary people
to offer the funeral prayer for one who commits suicide, but it is
prescribed for the elite, such as scholars and prominent figures, not to
offer the funeral prayer for him, as a rebuke and so as to deter others from
doing likewise. It was narrated that Jaabir ibn Samurah said: A man who had
killed himself with a broad, sharp-edged arrow was brought to the Messenger
of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and he did not
offer the funeral prayer for him. Narrated by Muslim (978). 

Al-Nawawi said:  

The scholars said: this hadeeth is to be understood as a
deterrent to suicide, just as he did not offer the funeral prayer for one
who was in debt, but the Sahaabah offered the funeral prayer for the debtor
on the command of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him). That was in order to deter others from getting into debt, not because
he was a kaafir. According to Maalik it is makrooh to offer the funeral
prayer for one who has been stoned to death as a hadd punishment, and one
who was immoral, as an expression of disapproval. 

Sharh Muslim, 7/47. 

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn
Taymiyah was asked about a man who claimed to be a holy man, then he saw a
snake and some of the people wanted to kill it, but he stopped them, then he
picked up the snake trying to do a miraculous deed, but the snake bit him
and he died. Is it permissible to offer the funeral prayer for him or not? 

He replied: 

Praise be to Allaah, the
Lord of the Worlds. The scholars and people who are religiously committed
should not pray for this man and others like him, but the ordinary people
should pray for him, just as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah
be upon him) refrained from praying for a man who had committed suicide, and
one who had stolen from the war-booty, but he said: “Pray for your
companion.” They said to Samurah ibn Jundub: “Your son did not sleep last
night.” He said, “Was it because he ate too much?” They said: “Yes.” He
said: “If he had died I would not have prayed for him.” Samurah explained
that if he died because he had eaten too much, he would not pray for him,
because he would have killed himself by eating too much. And it is more
appropriate that the scholars and those who are religiously-committed should
refrain from offering the funeral prayer for this man who prevented others
from killing the snake, and held it in his hand until it killed him, because
he killed himself. 

Al-Fataawa al-Kubra, 3/20, 21 

Shaykh al-Islam also said: 

If a person refrains
from praying for one of them – i.e., the one who stole from the war-booty,
the one who killed himself and the debtor – as a deterrent to others from
doing likewise, then that is good.  But if he refrains from praying for him
in public but makes du’aa’ for him in private, then he will achieve two
ends, which is better than omitting one of them. 

Al-Ikhtiyaaraat al-‘Ilmiyyah, p.
52. 

Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn Baaz was asked: 

Can the funeral prayer be offered for one who kills himself? 

He replied: 

Some of the Muslims should pray for him, as for any other
sinner, because he is still a Muslim according to Ahl al-Sunnah. 

Majmoo’ Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn Baaz, 13/162. 

And he was asked: 

Should one who killed himself be washed and the funeral
prayer offered for him? 

He replied: 

The one who killed himself should be washed and the funeral
prayer offered for him, and he should be buried with the Muslims, because he
is a sinner, but he is not a kaafir; killing oneself is a sin, it is not
kufr. 

If a person kills
himself – Allaah forbid – he should be washed and shrouded, and the funeral
prayer offered for him, but the ruler and important figures should refrain
from offering the funeral prayer for him as an act of denunciation, lest
anyone think that they approve of what he did. If the caliph, ruler, judges,
governor, mayor etc do not offer the funeral prayer for him as an act of
denunciation and a declaration that this was wrong, then that is a good
thing, but some of the worshippers should offer the prayer for him. 

Majmoo’ Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn Baaz,
13/122; Fataawa Islamiyyah, 2/62 

And Allaah knows best.