Ruling on applying the rules of tajweed to words other than the Qur’an

The scholars differed concerning the ruling
on applying tajweed when reading hadeeth or other words in a manner similar
to what is done when reading or reciting Qur’an. There are two views: 

~1~

The first view is that it is not allowed. 

This is the view of Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen
(may Allah have mercy on him), Shaykh Bakr Abu Zayd (may Allah have mercy on
him), and some other contemporary scholars. 

They quoted several things as evidence for
that, including the following: 

They said this is something that is newly
introduced, and the basic principle concerning newly introduced matters that
have to do with acts of worship is that they come under the heading of
bid‘ah (innovations) unless proof is established that they are prescribed. 

Reading hadeeth or reciting adhkaar in a
manner that resembles recitation of Qur’an may give the impression that
these words are from the Holy Qur’an. The basic principle is that the Book
of Allah should be protected from being confused with other words. 

Reciting words other than the words of Allah
in the manner of scriptural recitation is the custom of the rabbis and
priests of the Jews and Christians, and we have been forbidden to imitate or
resemble them. 

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy
on him) was asked: 

Is it permissible to use tajweed with words
other than the Qur’an, such as reading the hadeeths of the Prophet
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and so on? 

He replied: 

Some of the later scholars commented on the
meaning of the verse in which Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation
of the meaning): “And
verily, among them is a party who distort the Book with their tongues (as
they read), so that you may think it is from the Book”
[Aal ‘Imraan 3:78]. Some of the
later scholars said that this includes reciting something other than the
Qur’an in the same manner as recitation of Qur’an, such as reading the
hadeeths of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) in the
same manner as reciting the Qur’an, or reading the words of scholars in the
same manner as reciting Qur’an. 

Based on that, it is not permissible to
chant words other than Qur’an in the manner in which Qur’an is recited,
especially in front of the common folk who cannot distinguish between Qur’an
and other words except by the intonation and recitation. 

Fataawa Noor ‘ala ad-Darb (tape no. 212). 

http://www.ibnothaimeen.com/all/noor/article_8021.shtml 

Shaykh Bakr Abu Zayd (may Allah have mercy
on him) said: 

The bid‘ah of “singing” and intoning in the
adhaan, dhikr, du‘aa’, sending blessings (salawaat) upon the Prophet
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him), and of intoning in the Friday
khutbah, and reciting dhikr and du‘aa’ out loud and shouting it in funerals
at various stages, reciting dhikr in unison between each two rak ‘ahs of
Taraweeh, reciting dhikr out loud when pilgrims depart and return home,
yelling ‘Ameen” in the prayer, raising the voice and reciting Aayat
al-Kursiy in unison after the prayer, the mu’adhdhin saying in a loud voice
after the prayer “Allahumma anta as-salaam…”, raising the voice after
the prayer in sending blessings upon the Prophet (blessings and peace of
Allah be upon him), and other things may all be regarded as bid‘ah
(innovation) and saying them out loud is an additional innovation. 

Raising the voice is known as taqlees.
at-Tartooshi stated in al-Hawaadith wa al-Bida‘ (63) that Imam Maalik
(may Allah have mercy on him) denounced taqlees in du‘aa’, which means
raising the voice in supplication. 

It is also forbidden to raise the voice
(taqlees) in recitation. Imam ash-Shaafa‘i (may Allah have mercy on him)
described Imam Abu Yoosuf (may Allah have mercy on him) in these terms when
he said: Abu Yoosuf was qallaas, i.e., he raised his voice when reciting.
This is explained  in Bida‘ al-Qurra’ (p. 15-16). 

Some of these innovated matters have been
adopted by some people, so you hear some imams in Ramadan saying du‘aa’
al-qunoot in an extremely loud voice, lowering and raising their voice
according to the meaning of the du‘aa’, and exaggerating in intonation,
vocalisation and recitation, until it is as if he is reciting a soorah from
the Book of Allah, may He be exalted, playing with the emotions of the
congregation so that he can make them weep. 

Worshipping in accordance with these things
that have been introduced into Islam and these innovations in voice and
manner of reciting dhikr and du‘aa’ is basically one of the rituals of
Jaahiliyyah that they used to do in al-Masjid al-Haraam, as Allah, may He be
exalted, says, denouncing their action (interpretation of the meaning): “Their
Salat (prayer) at the House (of Allah, i.e., the Ka‘bah at Makkah) was
nothing but whistling and clapping of hands”
[al-Anfaal 8:35]. 

Al-Aloosi (may Allah have mercy on him)
said: What is meant is that such actions cannot be worship; rather they are
rituals of the Jaahiliyyah. What some ignorant Muslims do nowadays of
whistling and clapping in the mosque, claiming that they are remembering
Allah (dhikr), is more akin to the practice of the Jaahiliyyah. How wise are
the words of the one who said (in verse): ‘Did Allah say, Clap and sing for
Me, and say words of kufr (disbelief) and call it dhikr (remembrance of
Allah)’? 

What accompanies that of singing,
intonation, vocalisation and chanting is more akin to what the Christians
have introduced into their prayers of chanting, which neither the Messiah
nor the disciples instructed them to do; rather the Christians introduced
that innovation, as Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on
him) said: 

Hence we see and hear nowadays people
chanting and intoning in du‘aa’, especially the Raafidis and Sufis. Ahl
as-Sunnah should be careful lest they follow their way. End quote. 

Tasheeh ad-Du‘aa’
(82-84). 

~2~ 

The second view is that there is nothing
wrong with intoning with tajweed when reading hadeeths of the Prophet
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and scholarly texts, or when
reciting dhikr and du‘aa’ as prescribed in Islam, provided that one does not
go to extremes in that. This is the view of some of the later fuqaha’, and
is the view favoured by more than one of our contemporary scholars, such as
Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allah have mercy on him) and Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzaan
(may Allah preserve him and others). 

Imam Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Budayri
ad-Dimyaati (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

With regard to reading hadeeth with tajweed
like that of the Qur’an, with the various rules of pronunciation and
elongation of vowels, and so on, it is recommended, as was stated by some of
the scholars. 

But I asked my shaykh, the prominent scholar
Shaykh ‘Ali ash-Shabraamalsi (may Allah bestow abundant mercy upon him)
about that, when I read to him Saheeh al-Bukhaari, and he replied
that it is obligatory, and he told me that he had seen that quoted from a
book called al-Aqwaal ash-Shaarihah fi Tafseer al-Faatihah. At that
point the shaykh gave the reason for that as being that tajweed is part of
speaking well, and is part of the language of the Arabs and of eloquence in
speaking. All of these factors were combined in the Prophet (blessings and
peace of Allah be upon him), so whoever speaks of his hadeeth should pay
attention to the way in which the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be
upon him) spoke them.

End quote from Haashiyat al-Ajhoori ‘ala
Sharh az-Zarqaani ‘ala Manzoomat al-Bayqooniyyah (p. 227). 

In fact it seems that this is an ancient
custom among the scholars. It says in Qafiyyaat al-A‘yaan (4/282), in
the biography of al-Humaydi al-Andalusi: He was known for his intelligence,
knowledge, precision, religious commitment and piety, and he had a melodious
voice when reading hadeeth. End quote. 

They quoted several things as evidence for
that, including the following: 

~1~

The text which clearly states that the
Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon) called upon his Lord in the
manner of rajaz (in a poetic manner). This is seen in the hadeeth of
al-Bara’ ibn ‘Aazib (may Allah be pleased with him) who said:

I saw the Prophet (blessings and peace of
Allah be upon him) on the day of al-Khandaq (the Ditch), moving the soil
(whilst digging the ditch), and I saw the soil on the hair of his chest, and
he was a man with a lot of hair. He was chanting the rajaz (poetry) of
‘Abdullah, raising his voice with the words:

“O Allah, were it not for You we would not
have been guided

Or given charity or offered prayers.

Send down assurance upon us

And make our feet steadfast when we meet
(the enemy in battle).

The enemy has transgressed against
us,        

But if they want mischief we shall refuse.” 

Narrated by al-Bukhaari (3034) and Muslim
(1803) 

~2~

The rules of tajweed are no more than rules
in accordance with Arab custom when reciting and pronouncing words; they are
not limited only to the Holy Qur’an. Whoever perfects his reading of the
hadeeths and the words of the scholars is only following the rules of the
Arabic language. 

~3~

Moreover, there is a good reason for
intoning the Holy Qur’an; it is not solely an act of worship. The reason for
that is the idea of beautifying the Holy Qur’an with melodious voices and
sound recitation, reciting it carefully and helping people to focus on its
recitation and endear it to people’s hearts. These aims can also be achieved
by intoning du‘aa’s and hadeeths, and intoning when reading the books of the
scholars in specialised lessons. 

Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzaan (may Allah have
mercy on him) said: 

Beautifying the voice does not come under
the heading of “singing” which is not permissible; rather beautifying the
voice when reading the Qur’an and when reciting dhikr is a good thing. End
quote. 

And Allah knows best.