Ruling on making bets in matters of shar’i knowledge

Praise be to Allaah .

This is a competition, and Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah
(may Allaah have mercy on him) thought that there was nothing wrong with competitions on
issue of sharee’ah. He explained this by pointing out that jihaad may be either with
knowledge or with weapons. He also used as evidence the reports about Abu Bakr (may Allaah
be pleased with him) when the aayah (interpretation of the meaning) “Alif-Laam-Meem.
The Romans have been defeated in the nearer land (Syria, Iraq, Jordan and Palestine), and
they, after their defeat, will be victorious, within three to nine years…”
[al-Room 30:1-4] was revealed. The Persians were the ones who had defeated the Romans;
the Romans were Christians, People of the Book, whilst the Persians were Magians
(Zoroastrians), who had no revealed Book. Allaah said (interpretation of the meaning): “…
And on that day, the believers (i.e., Muslims) will rejoice (at the victory given by
Allaah to the Romans against the Persians).” [al-Room 30:4], because the
believers wanted the Christians to defeat the Persians as the Christians were People of
the Book and therefore closer to Islam than the Magians. Quraysh, on the other hand,
wanted the Magians to defeat the Romans, and said, “The Romans cannot defeat the
Persians, because the Persians are stronger than they are, and they do not believe in the
Qur’aan.” So Abu Bakr bet them a number of camels that (the Romans) would
prevail within seven years. The seven years passed and nothing had happened. Abu Bakr (may
Allaah be pleased with him) went to the Messenger of Allaah
(peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him), who told him, “Add two years, and increase the bet” (reported
by Ibn Jareer in his Tafseer, 10/165, 166, no. 27876) – because the
word bid’ used in the aayah refers to any number between three and nine. So
the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) told him to play it safe by
increasing the time period and increasing the prize. Abu Bakr did this, and before the two
years had passed, travellers brought news that the Romans had defeated the Persians. From
this report Shaykh al-Islam deduced that it is permissible to bet in matters of
shar’i knowledge.