We would like you to tell us the ruling on a girl who reached the age of puberty but was not aware that it is obligatory to do ghusl after menses in order to be able to pray. She used to pray without realising that it was obligatory to do ghusl, until after that she found out about that ruling. What is the ruling on her past prayers, and does she have to make up those prayers now, after learning about ghusl?


Praise be to Allah.

Firstly: 

The Muslim is obliged to learn those rulings
of sharee‘ah that he needs to know and cannot do without, such as the
rulings on purification, prayer and so on, and before all of that he needs
to know about the Oneness of Allah (Tawheed), even if that is in general
terms, and to know that which nullifies Tawheed and faith, so that he will
worship Allah, may He be exalted, on the basis of knowledge. 

Fathers and mothers must teach their
children what they need to know of Islamic rulings, including the
purification and prayer. 

This is one of the rights that children have
over their parents. 

Secondly: 

If a person is unaware of the rulings on
purification, and he prays with invalid purification out of ignorance on his
part, then there is no sin on him and he does not have to make up those
prayers that he offered with imperfect purification. 

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have
mercy on him) said: 

Based on that, if a person does not purify
himself as he is obliged to because the text did not reach him, such as if
he eats camel meat and does not do wudoo’ after that, then the text reaches
him and it becomes clear to him that wudoo’ is required in this case, or he
prays in the camel pens, then the text reaches him and the ruling becomes
clear to him, does he have to repeat his past prayers? There are two
scholarly opinions, both of which were narrated from Ahmad. 

A similar case is if he touches his penis
then prays, then it becomes clear to him that it is obligatory to do wudoo’
after touching one’s penis. 

The correct view in all these cases is that
he does not have to repeat the prayers, because Allah pardons things done by
mistake or because of forgetting, and because He says (interpretation of the
meaning): And
We never punish until We have sent a Messenger (to give warning)”
[al-Isra’ 17:15]
.

If the command of the Messenger (blessings
and peace of Allah be upon him) concerning a particular matter did not reach
a person, then the ruling that it is obligatory was not proven in his case.
Hence in the case of ‘Umar and ‘Ammaar, when they became junub and ‘Umar did
not pray whilst ‘Ammaar did pray after rolling in the dust, the Prophet
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) did not instruct either of them
to repeat the prayer. Similarly, he did not instruct Abu Dharr to repeat the
prayer when he used to become junub and remained for several days without
praying. And he did not instruct the Companion who ate until he could
clearly distinguish the white thread from the black thread to make up the
fast. And he did not instruct those who prayed facing towards Jerusalem
before news reached them that this ruling (of facing Jerusalem when praying)
had been abrogated to make up those prayers. 

A similar case is that of the woman who was
suffering from istihaadah (irregular, non-menstrual bleeding) and did not
pray for a while because she thought that prayer was not obligatory in her
case. There are two scholarly views as to whether she is obliged to make up
the prayers. The first view is that she is not required to do so – as was
narrated from Maalik and others – because when the woman who was suffering
from istihaadah said to the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon
him): I bleed very heavily and that has kept me from praying and fasting, he
told her what she had to do in the future, but he did not instruct her to
make up prayers from the past. 

It is proven to me through the mutawaatir
reports that among women and men in the desert and elsewhere there are those
who reach the age of puberty and are not aware that prayer is obligatory for
them. In fact, if a woman is told to pray, she says, Not until I am older
and become an old woman! – thinking that prayer is only obligatory for old
women and the like. Among the followers of the shaykhs (i.e., Sufis) there
are many groups who do not know that prayer is obligatory for them. In these
cases they are not required to make up the missed prayers, according to the
correct opinion. End quote. 

Majmoo‘ al-Fataawa
(21/101, 102) 

For more information, please see the answer
to question no. 9446 and 45648

And Allah knows best.