What the du’aa’ that will protect one from fire?

Firstly: 

Fire is one
of the major calamities from which the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) used to seek refuge with Allaah and he would ask Allaah
to protect him from it and from other calamities. 

It was
narrated that Abu’l-Yusr (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to
say: “Allaahumma inni a’oodhu bika min al-taraddi wa’l-hadmi wa’l-gharaqi
wa’l-hareeq, wa a’oodhu bika an yatakhabbatani al-shaytaan ‘inda al-mawt, wa
a’oodhu bika an amoota fi sabeelika mudbiran, wa a’oodhu bika an amoot
ladeeghan (O Allaah, I seek refuge with You from falling from a high
place, being crushed (beneath a falling building etc), drowning and burning,
and I seek refuge with You from being overpowered by the Shaytaan at the
time of death, and I seek refuge with You from being killed (in jihad) for
Your sake when fleeing from battle, and I seek refuge with You from dying
from a scorpion sting or snake bite).” Narrated by al-Nasaa’i (5531) and by
al-Haakim in al-Mustadrak (1/713). He said: Its isnaad is saheeh
although they (al-Bukhaari and Muslim) did not narrate it. Al-Haafiz Ibn
Hajar said in Badhal al-Ma’oon (199): it is proven. It was classed as
saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Nasaa’i. 

I do not
know of any specific saheeh du’aa’ in the Sunnah that the Muslim may recite
so that Allaah might protect him against fire. Rather he should pray to
Allaah to protect him from harm and disliked things, and ask Allaah to keep
him safe and sound, and seek refuge from the things from which the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to seek refuge, as
mentioned in the hadeeth quoted above, for Allaah is the best of protectors
and the most merciful of those who show mercy. 

See the
answer to question no. 22816. 

Secondly: 

There is a
da’eef hadeeth about protection from fire and other calamities, and perhaps
this is what the questioner is referring to. 

It was
narrated that Talq ibn Habeeb said: A man came to Abu’l-Darda’ (may Allaah
be pleased with him) and said: O Abu’l-Darda’, your house has burned down.
He said: It has not burned down. I know that Allaah would not do that
because of some words that I heard from the Messenger of Allaah (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him); whoever says them at the beginning of
the day, no calamity will befall him until evening comes, and whoever says
them at the end of the day, no calamity will befall him until morning comes:
“O Allaah, You are my Lord, there is no god but You, in You have I put my
trust and You are the Lord of the Mighty Throne. Whatever Allaah wills
happens, and whatever He does not will does not happen. There is no power
and no strength except with Allaah, the Most High, the Almighty. I know that
Allaah has power over all things and that Allaah has encompassed all things
with His knowledge. O Allaah, I seek refuge with You from the evil of my own
self, and from the evil of every living creature whose forelock is in Your
hand. My Lord is on a straight path.” 

This was
narrated by Ibn al-Sunni in his book ‘Aml al-Yawm wa’l-Laylah
(25/hadeeth 27) and by al-Tabaraani in al-Du’aa’ (2/954). 

Ibn al-Jawzi
said in al-‘Ilal al-Mutanaahiyah (2/836, 837): 

This hadeeth
is not proven, and the problem with it is (the narrator) al-Aghlab ibn
Tameem, of whom Yahya ibn Ma’een said: He is nothing. Al-Bukhaari said: His
hadeeth is munkar. End quote. 

This hadeeth
was also narrated via another isnaad with similar wording. It was narrated
by al-Haarith ibn Abi Usaamah in his Musnad (2/953). He said: Yazeed ibn
Haroon told us: Mu’aadh Abu ‘Abd-Allaah told us: A man narrated it to me
from al-Hasan. 

This is a
weak isnaad because the man who narrated it from al-Hasan is unknown.  

The hadeeth
was classed as da’eef (weak) by al-‘Iraaqi in Takhreej Ihya’ ‘Uloom
al-Deen (1/316) and by Shaykh al-Albaani in Tahqeeq al-Kalim
al-Tayyib (74). 

Thirdly: 

If Allaah
decrees that a fire should occur, then some scholars regard it as mustahabb
to say takbeer whilst putting it out, and they say that saying takbeer at
the time of a fire will help in extinguishing it and prevent its harm. 

A hadeeth
concerning that was narrated from ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Aas, saying
that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “If
you see a fire, then say takbeer, for takbeer will extinguish it.” Narrated
by Ibn al-Sunni in ‘Aml al-Yawm wa’l-Laylah (295) and by al-Tabaraani
in al-Du’aa’ (1/307). But it is a weak hadeeth. See al-Silsilah
al-Da’eefah by al-Albaani (2603). 

Ibn Taymiyah
(may Allaah have mercy on him) said in al-Fataawa al-Kubra (5/188): 

Hence the
slogan of the prayers, the adhaan and the Eids is the takbeer, and it is
mustahabb to say it in high places such as al-Safa and al-Marwah, when a
person climbs up a hill or rides his mount and so on. With it fires are
extinguished even if they are great, and at the time of the adhaan the
shaytaan flees. End quote. 

Ibn
al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in Zaad al-Ma’aad
(4/194): 

Because a
fire is caused by the substance of the shaytaan from which he was created,
and it causes some general destruction which befits the shaytaan and his
substance and actions, the shaytaan helped with it and played some role in
it, fire by its very nature seeks to dominate and destroy. These two matters
– domination of the earth and destruction – are the way of the shaytaan to
which he calls people, and by means of which he destroys the sons of Adam.
Fire and the shaytaan both seek to dominate on earth and spread corruption
and destruction, but the might of the Lord, may He be glorified and exalted,
suppresses the shaytaan and his actions. Hence magnifying Allaah (by saying
takbeer) has an effect in extinguishing fires, for nothing can resist the
might of Allaah, may He be glorified and exalted. When the Muslim magnifies
his Lord, his takbeer has the effect of suppressing the fire and the
shaytaan who is made of its substance, so the fire is extinguished. We
ourselves and others have tried this, and we have found it to be so. And
Allaah knows best. 

And Allaah
knows best.