Who are the ones who will be excused for ignorance about ‘aqeedah and matters of fiqh?

Claiming
that one is ignorant or using this as an excuse is a matter which needs
further discussion. Not everyone can be excused for his ignorance. With
regard to the things which were brought by Islam, which the Messenger
(peace and blessings of Allaah
be upon him) explained and which were made clear in the Book of Allaah
and are widely known among the Muslims, no claim of ignorance will be
accepted in these cases, especially in matters with have to do with
‘aqeedah and the basics of religion.  Allaah sent His Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to teach the people their
religion and explain it to them, and he conveyed the message clearly
and explained to the ummah the truths of their religion. He explained
everything and left them with a clear path which is always obvious.
In the Book of Allaah there is guidance and light. If some people claim
to be ignorant about things which are known to be essential parts of
the religion and which are well known among the Muslims, such as claiming
to be ignorant about shirk and worshipping anything other than Allaah,
or claiming that salaah is not obligatory, or that fasting Ramadaan
is not obligatory, or that paying zakaah is not obligatory, or that
doing Hajj when one is able to is not obligatory – in these and similar
matters, claims of ignorance are unacceptable from those who live among
the Muslims, because they are matters which are well known among the
Muslims. They are known to be essential parts of the Muslim religion
and are widely known among the Muslims, so the claim of ignorance of
these matters is unacceptable. This is the case if a person were to
claim that he does not know that what the mushrikeen do at the graves
or idols is wrong, when they call upon the dead, seek their help, offer
sacrifices to them and make vows to them, or offer sacrifices to the
idols, stars, trees or rocks; or seek healing or help against their
enemies from the dead or idols or jinn or angels or Prophets… All of
these are things which are known essentially in the religion that they
are major shirk (al-shirk al-akbar). Allaah explained this clearly in
His Book, and His Messenger (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) explained it clearly. He remained
in Makkah for thirteen years warning the people against this shirk,
and he preached the same message in Madeenah for ten years, explaining
to them that it is obligatory for their worship to be purely and sincerely
for Allaah Alone, and reciting to them the Book of Allaah, such as the
verses (interpretation of the meaning):

 “And
your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him”

[al-Israa’
17:23]

 “You
(Alone) we worship, and You (Alone) we ask for help (for each and everything).
[al-Faatihah
1:5]

 “And they were
commanded not, but that they should worship Allaah, and worship none
but Him Alone (abstaining from ascribing partners to Him) [al-Bayyinah
98:5]

 “So
worship Allaah (Alone) by doing religious deeds sincerely for Allaah’s
sake only.

Surely,
the religion (i.e. the worship and the obedience) is for Allaah only
[al-Zumar 39:2-3]

 “Say (O Muhammad):
‘Verily, my Salaah (prayer), my sacrifice, my living, and my dying are
for Allaah, the Lord of the ‘Aalameen (mankind, jinn and all that exists).

He
has no partner. And of this I have been commanded, and I am the first
of the Muslims.’” [al-An’aam 6:162-163]

 And Allaah says, addressing His Messenger
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) (interpretation of the meaning):

 “Verily, We
have granted you (O Muhammad) Al-Kawthar (a river in Paradise).

Therefore turn in prayer to your
Lord and sacrifice (to Him only).” [al-Kawthar 108:1-2]

 “And the mosques
are for Allaah (Alone), so invoke not anyone along with Allaah” [al-Jinn
72:18]

 “And whoever
invokes (or worships), besides Allaah, any other ilaah (god), of whom
he has no proof; then his reckoning is only with his Lord. Surely, Al-Kaafiroon
(the disbelievers in Allaah and in the Oneness of Allaah, polytheists,
pagans, idolaters) will not be successful” [al-Mu’minoon
23:117]

 The same applies in the case of those who make fun
of the religion, attack it, mock it and insult it – all of these are
forms of major kufr and are things for which none may be excused on
the grounds of ignorance, because it is well known in the religion that
insulting the religion or insulting the Messenger
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) are forms of major kufr,
as is making fun of the religion or mocking it. Allaah says (interpretation
of the meaning): 

“Say: ‘Was
it at Allaah, and His Ayaat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs,
revelations, etc.) and His Messenger that you were mocking?’

Make no excuse; you disbelieved
after you had believed” [al-Tawbah 9:65-66]

It
is obligatory for the scholars in every place to spread this knowledge
among the people and to make it known so that the common folk will have
no excuse and so that this important knowledge will become widespread
among them; and so that they will give up their attachment to the dead
and seeking help from them whether that is in Egypt, Syria, Iraq or
in Madeenah at the grave of the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), or in Makkah or anywhere
else; and so that the pilgrims and the people will be aware, and will
know the laws and religion of Allaah. The silence of the scholars is
one of the reasons for the loss and ignorance of the common folk. The
scholars, wherever they are, must convey to the people the religion
of Allaah and teach them about the unity of Allaah (Tawheed) and the
kinds of shirk, so that they will give up shirk out of understanding
and so that they will worship Allaah Alone with understanding. Similarly,
they must speak out against the things that happen at the grave of al-Badawi,
the grave of al-Husayn (may Allaah be pleased with him), or at the grave
of Shaykh ‘Abd al-Qaadir al-Jeelani or at the grave of the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in Madeenah and at other
graves. The people must know that worship is due to Allaah alone, and
no one else has any right to it, as Allaah says (interpretation of the
meaning):  

“And
they were commanded not, but that they should worship Allaah, and worship
none but Him Alone (abstaining from ascribing partners to Him) [al-Bayyinah
98:5]

 “So
worship Allaah (Alone) by doing religious deeds sincerely for Allaah’s
sake only.

Surely,
the religion (i.e. the worship and the obedience) is for Allaah only
[al-Zumar 39:2-3] 

“And
your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him” [al-Israa’
17:23]

i.e.,
your Lord has commanded. So the duty of the scholars throughout the
Muslim world and in the areas where there are Muslim minorities and
in every place is to teach the people about the unity of Allaah (Tawheed)
and to educate them about the meaning of worshipping Allaah, and to
warn them against associating anything with Allaah (shirk), which is
the greatest of sins. Allaah has created the two races (of mankind and
the jinn) to worship Him, and He has commanded them to do that, as He
says (interpretation of the meaning):  

“And I (Allaah)
created not the jinn and mankind except that they should worship Me
(Alone)” [al-Dhaariyaat
51:56]

 Worship means obeying Him and obeying His Messenger
(peace and blessings of Allaah
be upon him), devoting worship sincerely and purely to Him, and focusing
one’s heart on Him. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

 “O mankind!
Worship your Lord (Allaah), Who created you and those who were before
you so that you may become Al-Muttaqûn (the pious)” [al-Baqarah
2:21]

 With regard to matters which may be unclear, such
as some transactions and some matters of prayer and fasting, the one
who is ignorant of them may be excused, as the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) excused the man who entered
ihraam dressed in a cloak and wearing perfume. The Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to him, “Take off the
cloak and wash off the perfume, and do in your ‘umrah what you do in
your Hajj.” He did not tell him to pay a penalty (fidyah) for his ignorance.
By the same token, some matters which may be unclear should be taught
to the one who is ignorant so that he will come to understand them.
But as far as the basics of ‘aqeedah, the pillars of Islam, and things
which are clearly haraam are concerned, claims of ignorance cannot be
accepted from anyone who lives among the Muslims. If anyone who lives
among the Muslims were to say, “I did not know that zinaa is haraam”,
this is no excuse. If he were to say, “I did not know that disobeying
my parents is haraam,” this is no excuse; rather he should be beaten
and disciplined. Or if he were to say, “I did not know that homosexuality
is haraam,” this is no excuse. These are matters which are clear and
are well known among the Muslims and in Islam.

 But if he lived in a land far away from the Muslim
world or in a remote part of Africa where there are no Muslims around
him, then the claim of ignorance may be accepted from him, and if he
dies in that state his case will rest with Allaah; he will come under
the same ruling as those who lived during the fatrah (time between two
Prophets). The correct view is that they will be tested on the Day of
Resurrection: if they respond and obey they will enter Paradise, and
if they disobey they will enter Hell. But the one who lived among the
Muslims but did actions of kufr and neglected the well known obligations,
has no excuse, because the matter is clear and there are Muslims around
him, who fast and perform Hajj. All of this is well known and widespread
among the Muslims, so the claim of ignorance in this case is a false
claim. And Allaah is the One Whose help we seek.