Will the one who does Hajj or ‘Umrah on behalf of another person have the same reward?

Praise
be to Allah.

The scholars (may Allah have mercy on them
differed as to whether the one who does Hajj or ‘Umrah on behalf of another
person will have the same reward as the one on whose behalf it is done.
There are two views: 

-1-

The first view is that the proxy will have
a reward like that of the one on whose behalf he does it, so both of them
are included in the virtue mentioned in the words of the Prophet (blessings
and peace of Allah be upon him): “Whoever performs Hajj and does not commit
any obscenity or commit any evil will go back (free of) sin as on the day
his mother bore him” and “ ‘Umrah during it – i.e., Ramadan – is equivalent
to Hajj.” 

Those who held this view quoted as
evidence the general meaning of the hadeeths quoted above. They also noted
that if “the one who tells others of some good deed will have a reward like
that of the one who does it,” as is mentioned in the saheeh hadeeth from the
Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him), then it is more
appropriate that the one who does an action on behalf of someone else should
also receive the reward in full. 

Ibn Hazm (may Allah have mercy on him)
said: It was narrated from Dawood that he said: I said to Sa‘eed ibn al-Musayyab:
O Abu Muhammad, who will have the reward, the one who performs Hajj or the
one on whose behalf he performs Hajj? Sa‘eed said: Allah, may He be exalted,
so generous that He will reward both abundantly. Ibn Hazm said: Sa‘eed (may
Allah have mercy on him) is right.

End quote from al-Muhalla (7/61) 

Shaykh Muhammad ibn Ibraaheem Aal ash-Shaykh
(may Allah have mercy on him) said: The one who does Hajj on behalf of the
deceased will have the reward of Hajj if he did that voluntarily (without
being paid for it). Abu Dawood said in Masaa’il al-Imam Ahmad,
narrating from Imam Ahmad: I heard a man say to Ahmad: I want to do Hajj on
behalf of my mother; do you think that I will also have the reward of Hajj?
He said: Yes, because you are paying a debt that she owes. End quote. This
is the apparent meaning of what was narrated by at-Tabaraani in al-Awsat
from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever does Hajj on
behalf of one who has died, the one who does it will have a reward like that
of the one on whose behalf he did Hajj. Whoever gives food to one who is
fasting with which to break his fast will have a reward like his, and
whoever calls others to do some good deed will have a reward like that of
the one who does it.”

End quote from Fataawa ash-Shaykh
Muhammad ibn Ibraaheem Aal ash-Shaykh (5/184) 

Shaykh al-Albaani (may Allah have mercy on
him) classed as da‘eef the hadeeth “Whoever does Hajj on behalf of one who
has died, the one who does it will have a reward like that of the one on
whose behalf he did Hajj”

Silsilat al-Ahaadeeth ad-Da‘eefah
wa’l-Mawdoo‘ah 

-2-

The second view is that the virtue or
reward mentioned in the hadeeths quoted above applies only to the one on
whose behalf it is done; as for the proxy, he will have a reward for his
kindness towards his brother in performing the ritual on his behalf, and for
whatever acts of worship he does separately from the actions of Hajj, and
that he does in the Haram, such as prayer, dhikr and so on. 

In Fataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah
(11/77-78) it says: Whoever does Hajj or ‘umrah on behalf of another person,
whether that is in return for payment or otherwise, the reward of Hajj or
‘Umrah will go to the person on whose behalf he did it, and there is the
hope that he will also have a great reward, commensurate with his sincerity
and intention to do good. End quote. 

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have
mercy on him) was asked: Will the one who does Hajj on behalf of another
person attain the reward mentioned by the Prophet (blessings and peace of
Allah be upon him): “Whoever performs Hajj and does
not commit any obscenity or commit any evil will go back (free of) sin as on
the day his mother bore him”? 

He replied: The answer to this question
depends on whether this man is doing Hajj on his own behalf or on behalf of
someone else. If he is doing Hajj  on behalf of someone else and has not yet
done Hajj on his own behalf, then he will not attain the reward mentioned by
the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him), because he is only
doing Hajj on behalf of someone else. But in sha Allah, if he intends to
benefit his brother and meet his need, then Allah, may He be exalted, will
reward him.

End quote from Majmoo‘ Fataawa ash-Shaykh
Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (21/34) 

He (may Allah have mercy on him) also
said: The reward for deeds having to do with the rituals of Hajj all goes to
the one who appointed him as his proxy; as for multiplying the reward for
prayers and tawaaf that he does voluntarily outside of the rituals of Hajj,
and reading Qur’an, that will go to the one who is doing Hajj and not to the
one who appointed him to do it on his behalf.

End quote from ad-Diya’ al-Laami‘ min
al-Khutab wa’l-Jawaami‘ (2/478) 

This issue is one concerning which there
is a difference of opinion among the scholars, and the texts concerning it
are not quite clear. So to be on the safe side we should say that the issue
of reward is something that Allah will decide. The Fatwa Committee issued
other fatwas concerning this matter and said: With regard to a man
performing Hajj on behalf of another person, and whether that is like his
performing Hajj on his own behalf, or is less or more than that in terms of
virtue (and reward), that is something that Allah, may He be glorified, will
decide. 

End quote from Fataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah
(11/100) 

And Allah knows best.